Europe
1.Fill in the blanks.
a. Europe is a continent that comprises the western part of Atlantic Ocean.
b. Eurasia and Africa are connected into one large land mass known as Afroeurasia.
c. The Strait of Gibralter separates Europe and Africa.
d. Europe is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north.
e. The British Isles includes the island countries of Ireland and Great Britain.
2. Name the following.
a. Connects Africa to Eurasia.
= Isthmus of Suez.
b. The largest country in the world in terms of area.
= Russia.
c. A term used collectively for five countries in northern Europe.
= Nordic Countries.
d. The capital of Montenegro.
= Podgorica.
e. The largest fjord in Norway.
= Sognefjord.
3. Match the following.
=
|
Column I |
Column II |
|---|---|
|
a. Albania |
i. Brussels. [b] |
|
b. Belgium |
ii. Helsinki. [d] |
|
c. Denmark |
iii. Tirana. [a] |
|
d. Finland |
iv. Budapest. [e] |
|
e. Hungary |
v. Copenhagen. [c] |
4. Answer the following questions:
a) Describe the location of Europe with respect to the surrounding seas.
= Europe is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. In the east it is joined to Asia. The eastern boundary of Europe is formed by the Ural Mountains, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains and the Black Sea, forming a natural boundary between the two continents.
b) What are Balkan States?
= The Balkan States comprise the countries lying to the south-east, near the coast of Black Sea. These states include Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania and Albania.
c) What is the extent of North European Plains.
= The North European Plains extend from the Southern United Kingdom in the west to Russia in the east. The shallow North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the White Sea represent portions of the plains that have been submerged.
d) Name the major rivers of Europe.
= The major rivers of Europe are - Volga, Danube, Dnieper, Rhine, Rhone, Seine and Po.
e) Explain the Central Uplands.
= The Central Uplands lie to the South of the North European Plain. They consist of old mountains that have been eroded to form small plateaus. These are the Meseta Central in Spain, Massif Central in France and the Bohemian Plateau in Czech Republic. The Vosges, Black Forest and Harz are some of the low mountains found in this region.
f) Write a short note on Alpine System.
= The Alpine System of young fold mountains lies to the south of the plateaus and low mountains mentioned earlier. These young fold mountains include the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathian and the Balkans. These mountain ranges have high peaks, steep slopes, glacial valleys and narrow river valleys. Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus and Mount Blanc in the Alps are two of the highest peaks in the Alpine mountains range.
g) How does tourism help in developing a country's economy?
= Tourism is a dominating service sector economy in the world. It helps in creating jobs, entrepreneurship, protecting heritage and cultural values of a nation. It collects huge foreign exchange and therefore contributes in the economic development of a country.
h) Name some of the major tourist destinations of Switzerland.
= Some of the major tourist attractions of Switzerland are - Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lucerne and Zurich.
i) What is European Union(EU)?
= European Union(EU) is an economic and political union of 28 countries of Europe. All the member countries agreed to promote social and economic progress.
j) What is a fjords?
= Valleys become low by the erosion of glaciers. The rise in sea level drowns these low valleys. These valleys are called fjords. Fjords are very common in Norway. Example:- Sognefjord.
k) What are Estuaries?
= Estuaries are funnel-shaped openings due to drowning of the mouths of the rivers. This is formed as a result of sea-level-rise.