Class 7 :: Geography :: Industries

Industries

1. Fill in the blanks.

a. Large-Scale industries utilise heavy machinery, consume a lot of power and employ numerous skilled labourers.

b. Based on the Capital-investment, industries may be classified as large-scale and small-scale industries.

3. The Central Cottage Industries Emporium was set up in 1952.

d. Based on the sources of raw materials used, industries may be either agro-based or mineral-based.

e. Coal as a source of power dominates the location of many industries.

2. Match the following.

=

Column-I	Column-II
a.Chemical Industry	i. Small-scale industry. [b]
b.Food products	ii. Agro-based. [c]
c.Sugar mills	iii. Large-scale industry. [a]
d.Cottage industry	iv. Mineral-based. [e]
e.Fertiliser	v. Carpet-making. [d]

3. State whether the following statements are 'true' or 'false'.

a.  In a cottage industry, goods are generally produced for the consumption and sale in the local markets. [T]

b. Those industries their raw materials from agriculture or are plant-based are called mineral-based industries. [F]

c. Cotton textile is one of the oldest industries of the world. [T]

d. Shipbuilding industries dates back to the Harappan times (2500 BC) when the town of Lothal existed as a tidal dockyard. [T]

e. Sugar industry involves the development and use of systems for storing, retrieving and sending information. [F]

4. Answer the following questions:

a) Why are industries needed? Give any reasons.

= Industries form an essential component of development and are vital to a country's economy. The three reasons are -

i) Industries meet the growing demands of people for finished demands of people for finished goods that make life more comfortable.

ii) An industry also helps in large-scale employment.

iii) Surplus goods that are produced are exported.

b) Differentiate between large-scale and small-scale industries.

= 

Large-Scale Industries	Small-Scale Industries
i) They need huge capital investment.	i) They need a little capital.
ii) It need a large labour force.	ii) The labour is often cheap and easily available.
iii) It require vast amount of raw materials, power.	iii) It does not need so huge amount of materials and power.
iv) It is involved in large-scale production of goods.	iv) It has a lower rate of production.
v) Example:- Iron and Steel and automobile.	v) Example:- Oil mills and Sugar mills.

c) Distinguish between agro-based and mineral based industries.

= 

Agro-based Industries	Mineral-based Industries
i) Those industries that derive their raw materials are of agriculture or plant-based.	i) They derive their raw-materials from minerals to produce finished goods.
ii) Example:- Cotton textiles, Sugar mills, Oil mills and Flour mills.	ii) Example:- Cement, Aluminium, Fertiliser and Petrochemical industries.

d) Explain any three factors that are important for the establishment of an industry.

= Three factors that are important for the establishment of an industry are -

i) Raw materials:- Industries should be ideally located near the source of raw materials to save heavy transport costs. So, all major iron and steel plants of India are located near the mineral rich areas of Chhota Nagpur Plateau.

ii) Power and fuel:- Coal is the mostly used power in many industries. Apart from coal, other source like mineral oil or hydroelectricity are used as power to various industries.

iii) Water:- Water is needed at every stage of production like cleaning of raw materials and as coolant for machines.

e) Why is the iron and steel industry is considered a basic industry?

= The iron and steel industry is considered as a basic industry as it supplies raw materials in the form of machinery and tools for a host of other industries like engineering, electronics, automobile and ship building.

f) What are the causes of industrial pollution?

= The causes of industrial pollution are -

i) Sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide, dust and smoke emitted by various industries cause air pollution and acid rain.

ii) Toxic effuents and heavy metals are released into water. That results water pollution and destroys the aquatic-ecosystem.

iii) Toxic wastes pollute soil and contaminate underground water.

g) Describe any three preventive measure of industrial pollution.

= Three preventive measures of industrial pollution are -

i) Smoke can be reduced if oil or gas is used instead of coal. Chimneys should be very tall.

ii) Wastes should be disposed in landfills. Biodegradable wastes may be recycled to produce compost for plants.

iii) Generators may be filled with silencers. Machines need to be energy-efficient and reduce noise levels.

6. Thought provoking questions:

a) All industries need a good network of transport. Explain with an example.

= Because the efficient network of transport ensures proper supply of raw materials to factories as well as easy movement of finished products to markets.

b) Why cottage industry must be given a boost in our country?

= Because they provide rural employment. It helps preserve the cultural heritage of the region as the skills of craftsmanship are handed down from one generation to the other.

c) "Industries need to safeguard the environment for sustainability."

Give two reasons in favour of the statement.

= The two reasons supporting the statement are -

i) Industries are responsible for the degradation of the environment by contributing to the air, water, and soil pollution. This creates a far-reaching impact on not only human beings, but also on the biodiversity of the region as a whole.

ii) The greenhouse gases are not only causing global warming, but also adversely contributing to the increase in occurrence of pulmonary diseases.