Energy and Power Resources
1. Answer the following in one or two words.
a. Any one energy resource that cannot be sustained in the future.
= Coal.
b. Two examples of energy resources that are abundant and unlimited.
= Solar Energy and Wind Energy.
c. The units that collectively make up a solar panel.
= Photovoltaic Cells.
d. The type of coal that has the highest carbon content.
= Anthracite.
e. The oldest coalfield of India.
= Raniganj in West Bengal.
f. Two oil producing countries of the Middle East.
= Iran and Iraq.
g. The oldest oilfield in India and the state where it is located.
= Digboi in Assam.
h. One alternative clean fuel for transport.
= CNG(Compressed Natural Gas)
2. Match the following columns.
=
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a. Neyveli |
i. Middle East. [c] |
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b. Bassein |
ii. Largest coalfield. [e] |
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c .Iraq |
iii. Jog Falls. [g] |
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d. Ankleswar |
iv. Used for producing coke. [f] |
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e. Raniganj |
v. Hirakud. [i] |
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f. Bituminous |
vi. Offshore oil field. [b] |
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g. Karnataka |
vii. Sutlej. [h] |
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h. Punjab |
viii. Thermal electricity. [a] |
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i. Odisha |
ix. Nagarjuna sagar dam. [j] |
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j. River Krishna |
x. Gujarat. [d] |
3. Give reasons for the following:
a) Snow-fed rivers are better harnessed for hydroelectric power generation.
= Snow-fed rivers are perennial. So a continuous supply of electricity can be ensured. Thus snow-fed rivers are more preferable than rain-fed ones.
b) The initial cost of hydroelectric power generation is very high.
= The initial cost of hydroelectric power is very high because building dams and reservoirs is very costly.
c) Deserts and islands are ideal for solar and wind power energy.
= Deserts and islands are ideal for solar and wind power energy as they are isolated from the mainland and it is not easy to generate conventional power in these places.
d) Petroleum is sent to the refineries from the oilfields.
= Petroleum is sent to the refineries from the oil fields to remove its impurities before use.
e) Natural gas in the form of CNG is often preferred over diesel as a vehicular fuel.
= Natural gas in the form of CNG is often preferred over diesel as a vehicular fuel as it does not pollute the environment.
f) Fossil fuel minerals are less popular now-a-days in spite of being energy efficient.
= Fossil fuel minerals are less popular now-a-days in spite of being energy efficient as they pollute atmosphere and once they are used they are lost. Their reserves are gradually getting depleted.
4. Answer the following questions.
a) How did the Industrial Revolution bring about a change in the pattern of energy consumption over the globe?
= After Industrial Revolution, energy consumption increased rapidly. Fossil fuels were used randomly in the big industries like textile, iron and steel and power generation. Mining was done rapidly and the reserve of those minerals started to get depleted.
b) Enumerate the chief differences between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. State three examples of each.
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c) Give two reasons why there is an urgent need to rely more on renewable energy resources.
= Two reasons why there is an urgent need to rely more on renewable energy resources, are -
i) Renewable energy resources do not pollute the environment.
ii) Non-renewable resources get exhausted on utilisation and can not be regenerated.
d) Explain how water can be used as a source of energy.
= Water is a source of clean energy free from pollution. It is inexhaustible as water that is once used may be recycled and reused.
e) What are the prerequisites for harnessing a river for a hydroelectric power project?
= The prerequisites for harnessing a river for a hydroelectric power project are -
i) The river should be perennial so that a continuous supply of electricity can be ensured.
ii) The climate should be such that the river does not freeze during winter months.
iii) Natural water falls in hilly areas are often preferred as they reduce installation costs.
f) State some of the uses of solar power.
= Some of the uses of solar power are - It is used for lighting streets, homes and lighthouses in ports. It is also used in traffic signals. It is used to heat oven and heat water in cold countries. Solar cooker is becoming popular now. Space crafts use solar energy. Modern energy-efficient buildings have been designed to use solar energy for heating and lighting.
g) How does a wind turbine create electricity? What does a wind farm consist of?
= Wind turbines are taller tubular towers with blades. Wind moves the blades that are attached to a turbine, which, in turn, is connected to a generator. This generates electrical energy from wind power.
Wind farms consist of a cluster of windmills for large-scale generation of power.
h) Name some countries where wind energy is popular. Where in India is wind energy utilised the most?
= Some countries where wind energy is popular are - China, USA, Brazil, India, Germany, Spain, UK and Canada.
In India, wind energy is utilised mostly in the coastal areas such as - Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Lakshadweep.
i) Enumerate some disadvantages of harnessing wind energy.
= Some disadvantages of harnessing wind energy are -
i) Wind is unpredictable and the availability of wind energy is not constant.
ii) Initial costs of setting up a wind farm for large-scale production is huge.
iii) Environmentalists believe that the rotating blades of a wind turbine are a threat to birds, bats and other aerial creatures.
j) Describe the conditions that lead to the formation of coal.
= Coal is formed mostly in swampy regions due to the decomposition of plant organisms that have remained buried over millions of years. Under high heat and pressure of the overlying layer of sediments, these decayed organic matter changes into coal.
k) Classify coal according to its carbon content. State one characteristic feature of each grade of coal.
= According to its carbon content, coal can be classified into four types -
i) Anthracite(carbon - over 85%) - It is the cleanest coal, and it burns without much smoke and ash.
ii) Bituminous(carbon - from 75% to 85%) - It is used for thermal electricity.
iii) Lignite(carbon - from 60% to 70%) - It is used for power production to reduce pressure on the better grade of coal.
iv) Peat(carbon - less than 60%) - It is of no major use because of its low carbon content.
l) What are the chief fuels derived from petroleum? Name some by-products of petroleum that we use in our daily life.
= The chief fuels derived from petroleum are - petrol, diesel and kerosene.
Some by-products of petroleum which we use in our daily life are - paraffin wax, bitumen, polymer, plastics, synthetic fibres and lubricants.
m) Name two offshore and two onshore oilfields in India. Which is the oldest oilfield of our country?
= Two offshore oilfields are - Mumbai High and the islands of Aliabet and Bassein in the vinicity of Gulf of Khambat.
Two onshore oilfields of India are - Naharkatiya of Assam and Ankleshwar of Gujarat.
The oldest oilfield of our country is Digboi in Assam.
n) Name two forms in which natural gas is most commonly used.
= Two forms in which natural gas is most commonly used are - Compresses Natural Gas(CNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG).
o) Enumerate the various objectives of a multipurpose river valley project.
= The various objectives of a multi-purpose river valley project are -
i) Electric power generation:- Water is non-polluting and a renewable source of energy. It provides cheap electricity.
ii) Flood control and soil conservation:- Dams and barrages are built to regulate the flow of the river which helps to prevent flood. This also helps in soil conservation.
iii) Irrigation:- Irrigation canals from the barrages benefit farming.
iv) Navigation:- Water storage helps in navigation purposes as well.
v) Pisciculture:- Water stored in dams can develop an important economic activity.
vi) Tourism:- Beautiful parks and gardens can be made around the dams encouraging tourism.
q) Mention two ways in which we can replace petroleum as a source of fuel for vehicles.
= Two ways in which we can replace petroleum as a source of fuel for vehicles are - CNG and LPG.
r) State five ways in which you as an individual can contribute in the conservation of energy resources.
= Five ways in which I as an individual can contribute in the conservation of energy resources are -
i) Use a car pool rather than an individual car.
ii) Greater use of public transport and use of bicycles and electric trams wherever feasible.
iii) Switch off electricity when not in use.
iv) Use CNG as a fuel instead of petrol and diesel.
v) Switch over to solar power wherever is possible.