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A |
B |
|---|---|
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1. Supreme Court |
a. can have two or more states under its jurisdiction. [2] |
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2.High Court |
b. village level courts. [3] |
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3. Nyaya Panchayats |
c. affordable and speedy justice. [4] |
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4. Lok Adalats |
d. free legal aid and service. [5] |
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5. Legal Aid Scheme |
e. the apex court of India. [1] |
C. Choose the correct answer.
1. Disputes between the union government and the state governments fall under the Original/Advisory/Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
2. The District Court/Nyaya Panchayat/Supreme Court has the power of judicial review.
3. The High Court is the highest court of justice in a village/district/state.
4. Judges of the High Courts can serve till they are 60/62/65 years old.
5. The Nyaya Panchayats/Lok Adalats/District Courts were set up to provide quicker and cheaper judicial services.
D. State whether the following are true or false.
1. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the Prime Minister of India. [F]
2. No cases can be brought directly to the Supreme court for the first time. [F]
3. A High Court is not a court of record. [T]
4. A Nyaya Panchayat can impose a fine of up to ₹10,000. [F]
5. The process of obtaining justice through law courts is a lengthy and expensive process in our country. [T]
E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/sentences.
1. On what grounds can Supreme Court judges be removed from office?
= Supreme Court judges can only be removed on grounds of proven misbehaviour or incapacity, through impeachment.
2. Mention any two kinds of disputes that can be brought directly before the Supreme Court.
= i) Disputes between the union government and one or more state governments.
ii) Disputes between two or more state governments.
3. What is the Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
= The Supreme Court can advise the President, on request, on legal and constitutional issues. The President may or may not accept the advice.
4. Why are the records of the cases and judgements of the Supreme Court important?
= The Supreme Court records and prints out all the cases it handles and all the judgements which are passed.
These records serve as references in future cases. Thus, the Supreme Court functions as a court of record.
5. Who appoints the Chief Justice of the High Court?
= The President appoints the Chief Justice of the High Court and the other Judges in consultation with the Governor of the state and the chief Justice of India.
6. What are writs?
= A writ is a form of written command, or legal document giving order or direction to a person to act or not to act in a particular way.
7. Name the different types of writs.
= Some of the writs are the writs of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certioram, Quo Warranto, etc.
9. What is a Nyaya Panchayat?
= Nyaya Panchayats are small law courts at the village level which try petty civil and criminal cases.
10. Why have Lok Adalats been set up?
= Lok Adalats are courts set up to provide speedy and cheaper judicial services. They are usually presided over by retired judges.
10. Why are Lok Adalats are becoming popular?
= Lok Adalats are becoming popular because they are speedy and cheaper judicial services.
11. What is the objective of the Legal Aid Scheme?
= Under the Legal Aid Scheme, free legal aid and legal services are made available to the poorer and weaker sections of the society.
F. Answer the following in details.
1. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body in the country. In this context, explain:
a. Its Original Jurisdiction:
= Certain cases are brought before the Supreme Court directly, for the first time. This happens in cases involving:
i) Disputes between the union government and one or more state governments.
ii) Disputes between two or more state governments.
iii) Violation of the Constitution by the government or an individual.
iv) Violation of the Fundamental Rights by an individual.
b. Its Appellate Jurisdiction.
= The Supreme hears appeals against judgements of High Courts. The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal and has the power to review and change decisions of the High Courts.
c. Why it is called the guardian of the Constitution?
= The primary function of the judiciary is to administer justice, define and interpret laws, and protect the rights of Indian citizens. It is the guardian of the Constitution and penalizes those who violate the constitution or break the law.
2. With reference to the powers of the High Court, discuss its:
a. Original Jurisdiction.
= A High Court has original jurisdiction i.e. it can hear original cases(cases brought to it for the first time). These cases can involve disputes concerning Fundamental Rights, election petitions and related disputes.
b. Appellate Jurisdiction.
= A High Court has Appellate Jurisdiction where it can hear appeals against judgements passed in subordinate courts such as the District Courts.
c. Review and Revisory Jurisdiction.
= The High can review, and change decisions taken in the subordinate courts. It can also transfer a case from one court to another.
3. In context of the judicial system in India, answer the following questions.
a. What are the main features of a Nyaya Panchayat?
= Nyaya Panchayats try petty civil and criminal cases, such as trespassing, personal disputes, minor thefts, etc. They can impose fines up to ₹100 only. Appeals can be made to higher courts against decisions taken in the Nyaya Panchayats.
b. Why are Lok Adalats becoming popular in India?
= Lok Adalats are becoming popular in India because they provide speedy and cheaper judicial services.
c. Mention the sections of society which receive free legal services under the Legal Aid Scheme.
= Some of the categories for which free legal services are provided by the government are:
i) People belonging to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes.
ii) People with special needs.
iii) Women and children.
iv) Victims of human trafficking or beggars.
v) People whose income are lower than a certain amount decided by the government.