Vocabulary
Binominals:- Binominals are pairs of words separated by a conjunction that always appear in the same order. Most commonly, they are joined by using the conjunction and, though another conjunction such as or or a preposition may also be used.
For example:-
fish and chips
sooner or later
prim and proper
step by step
A. Choose words from the box to complete the binomials.
[ lows, forth, times, bustle, vinegar, fork, buts, ends, butter, pains, order, cons]
1. bread and butter
2. back and forth
3. knife and fork
4. life and times
5. aches and pains
6. law and order
7. pros and cons
8. salt and vinegar
9. highs and lows
10. ifs and buts
11. odds and ends
12. hustle and bustle
B. Rewrite the sentences by replacing the highlighted words with a suitable binomial from the box.
[ more or less, loud and clear, wear and tear, skin and bones, sink or swim, short and sweet, peace and quiet, pick and choose]
1. The peace and calm of the colony is disturbed by the blaring loudspeakers.
= The peace and quiet of the colony is disturbed by the blaring loudspeakers.
2. The tourists have the option to select their destinations under the package.
= The tourist have the option to pick and choose their destinations under the package.
3. Your efforts will decide whether you succeed or fail in life.
= Your efforts will decide whether you sink or swim in life.
4. The horse is extremely thin either because it is starving or is ailing.
= The horse is skin and bones either because it is starving or is ailing.
5. Though Jaya made a pleasant but not long presentation, it covered every important point.
= Though Jaya made a short and sweet presentation, it covered every important point.
6. The rough roads are mainly responsible for the damage of my car tyres.
= The rough roads are mainly responsible for the wear and tear of my tyres.
7. We are almost through with the project.
= We are more or less through with the project.
8. The Prime Minister's warning to tax evaders was easy to understand.
= The Prime Minister's warning to tax evaders was loud and clear.
Proverb:- A proverb is a short sentence that gives advise or says something that is generally true.
For example:-
Haste makes wastes. (If you do something in a hurry, you may need to redo it.)
C. Match these proverbs with their meanings.
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1. Birds of a feather flock together
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a. A quiet person may have great knowledge and wisdom. [3]
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2. Better safe than sorry
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b. Those who take the earliest opportunity stand to gain. [5]
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3. Still waters run deep
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c. Achieve two things with one action. [7]
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4. Eat to live, not live to eat
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d. Harm somebody who has helped or supported you. [8]
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5. The early bird catches the worm.
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e. Extra caution is always good. [2]
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6. Every cloud has a silver lining.
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f. People with similar interests, attitudes or goals find themselves
together. [1]
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7. Kill two birds with one stone
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g. There is a positive side to every sad or difficult situation. [6]
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8. Bite the hand that feeds you
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h. Do not eat more than you need. [4]
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D. Write a sentence using each of the proverbs in Exercise A.
1. The painters who attended the seminar were like birds of a feather.
2. We should always wear mask in this COVID situation - better safe than sorry.
3. Though he rarely speaks in the class, still waters run deep.
4. Eating should not be your favourite activity, but something you do to maintain your health - eat to live, not live to eat.
5. He got to manage the seat because the early bird catches the worm.
6. Though she had failed in the examination, he realised that every cloud has a silver lining.
7. Cycling to work kills two birds with one stone.
8. My company has decided to offer me a better position, so I should not bite the hand that feeds me by criticising its new policy.
E. Match the beginning of the proverbs with their second half.
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1. Two is company
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a. is devil’s workshop. [3]
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2. If at first you don’t succeed,
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b. gathers no moss. [4]
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3. An idle mind
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c. out of a molehill. [6]
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4. A rolling stone
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d. from little acorns grow. [7]
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5. A stitch in time
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e. by its cover. [8]
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6. Make a mountain
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f. three is a coward. [1]
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7. Great oaks
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g. saves nine. [5]
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8. Don’t judge a book
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h. try, try again. [2]
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Compound Adjectives :
A compound adjective is made up of two words that combine to modify a noun.
The words are often separated using a hyphen, and placed before the noun.
For example:-
a high-speed missile.
well-known fact.
Compound adjectives may end in an -ed or -ing adjective form.
For example:-
well-rested baby
ground-breaking research
Compound adjectives formed using an -ly adverb are not hyphenated, while others may be.
For example:-
highly educated minister
rapidly changing decisions
F. Match the sentence beginning with the phrases using compound adjectives to make complete sentences.
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1. The engineer visited our home to service our
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a. a tight-fisted woman. [4]
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2. we all were bored by the end of the
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b. three-hour movie. [2]
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3. Monkeys leap around with ease as they are
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c. sure-footed animals. [3]
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4. Aunt Smriti never buys us presents as she is
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d. broken-down machine. [1]
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5. And, then the guide led to us into
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e. emotionally moving scenes. [7]
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6. The new receptionist of our school is
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f. loud-mouthed behaviour. [8]
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7. The movie had many
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g. a brightly lit room. [5]
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8. Nisha is often scolded for her
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h. a good-natured lady. [6]
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portmanteau Words :
Portmanteau words are formed by combining two words - the beginning of one word and the end of another, and keeping the meaning of each.
For example:-
breakfast + lunch - brunch
motor + hotel - motel
G. Fill in the missing words that makes up the portmanteau.
1. Emotion + icon - emoticon;
2. jeans + leggings - jeggings;
3. Network + etiquette - netiquette;
4. ipod + cast - podcast;
5. fantastic + fabulous - fantabulous;
6. motor + pedal - moped;
7. motorised + cycle - motorcycle;
8. dumb + confound - dumbfound;
9. guess + estimate - guesstimate;
10. fourteen + nights - fortnight;
11. medical + care - Medicare;
12. education + entertainment - edutainment;
Onomatopoeia :
Onomatopoeia is a word that, when pronounced, sounds similar to the sound of the object or the action it refers to.
For example:-
a snake's hiss.
the swoosh of the golf club.
H. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the box.
[ bang, woof, chime, clip-clop, purr, croak, chirp, roar, rattle, thunder]
1. Early morning, the bells chime and the birds chirp to enliven the atmosphere.
2. The frogs croak in the swamp as the horse's hooves clip-clop past them.
3. The woof of the dog and the purr of the cat broke the silence of the night.
4. Bang went the pistols in the war, and the thunder of the jets ripped the air.
5. On that stormy night, the clouds roar and the hailstones rattle on the roof.
I. Match the objects you would associate the sound with.
[flag, cell phone, dishes, engine, air, machine, chips, fingers, leaves, camera, clock, door, rain, heart]
1. whir of machine;
2. squeak of door;
3. whoosh of engine;
4. pitter patter rain;
5. crunch of chips;
6. thumping heart;
7. flapping of flag;
8. click of camera;
9. beep of cell phone;
10. snapping of fingers;
11. puff of air;
12. tick-tock clock;
13. clatter of dishes;
14. rustle of leaves;
J. Some useful phrases and expressions on the internet.
1. FYI: for your information;
2. DIY: do-it-yourself;
3. FAQ: frequently asked questions;
4. BTW: by the way;
5. PFA: please find attached;
6. N/A: not applicable;
7. ASAP: as soon as possible;
8. NNTR: no need to reply;
9. MSG: message;
10. TBA: to be announced;
