India : Human Resource
(Excursions)
Workout
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
1. Human resource is also referred to as ...............
a. workforce. [ ]
b. labour force. [ ]
c. human capital. [✓]
d. All the above. [ ]
2. ............... is densely populated.
a. Gujarat. [ ]
b. Goa. [ ]
c. Kerala. [✓]
d. Odisha. [ ]
3. The word 'demography' is of .................. origin.
a. English. [ ]
b. Greek. [✓]
c. German. [ ]
d. None of the above. [ ]
4. 72 per cent of India's population is concentrated in ......................
a. cities. [ ]
b. towns. [ ]
c. villages. [✓]
d. All the above. [ ]
B. Write T for true and F for false.
1. Relief of a place determines its population density. [F]
2. Rural areas have better infrastructure. [F]
3. Demography is the systematic study of population. [T]
4. Population pyramid of the USA has a broad base. [F]
C. Answer these questions in brief.
1. What do you mean by 'human resource'?
= Human resources comprise people who form the bulk of the productive population, commonly referred to as the workforce of a country.
2. How can human resource be made more productive?
= Human resources can be made more productive through better education, skill development and health facilities.
3. On what does the quality of human resource depend?
= The quality of human resource depends on skill.
4. Define :
a. Literate Person.
= According to the census, a person is considered literate if he or she can read or write and understand any one language.
b. Census.
= Census is a procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the citizens of India. This is done in order to record birth, death, employment and migration trends.
c. Density of population.
= Density of population is the number of people living in a unit area.
D. Answer these questions in detail.
1. Explain human capital formation.
= Human capital formation deals with the acquired capabilities of individuals that are developed through formal and informal education at home and school, and through in-service training and work experience. The Government of India invests in human capital formation by improving healthcare and education to improve the capabilities of its human resources. This helps the country to increase its productive workforce, which in turn results in its socio-economic development. The Government of India has initiated many educational and social welfare schemes to enable people to raise their standard of living considerably.
2. How does education contribute towards the growth of a nation?
= Education opens new horizons for us. It contributes to the growth of an individual, who in turn contribute towards the growth of the country. India has various schemes to provide both elementary and higher education. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a remarkable step taken by the Government of India to provide elementary education to all children in the age group or six to fifteen. The University Grants Commission (UGC) takes care of higher education through distance learning programmes and by open universities. The government also has various schemes to improve vocational education to develop specific work-related skills.
3. Write a short note on population pyramid.
= The population composition refers to the structure of the population. An interesting way of studying the population composition of a country is to analyse the population pyramid, which is based on age and sex ratio.
4. Differentiate between:
a. Skilled and unskilled labour.
=
|
Skilled Labour |
Unskilled Labour |
|---|---|
|
1. Skilled labour refers to the workforce, which requires a
specialized skill to complete a specialized task. |
1. Unskilled labour refers to the workforce that has limited skill. |
|
2. Skilled labour involves advanced knowledge, training and
specialized skill set. |
2. The do physical work that does not depend on technical ability or
skills. |
|
3. Electricians, plumbers, teachers, lawyers, doctors, and engineers
belong to this category. |
3. They work as daily wage workers at construction sites and industries
or as rickshaw pullers. |
b. Population pyramid of a developed country and population pyramid of an underdeveloped country.
=
|
Population pyramid of a developed country |
Population pyramid of an undeveloped country |
|---|---|
|
1. It has a narrow base. |
1. It has a broad base. |
|
2. It does not rapidly narrow down towards the top. |
2. It rapidly narrows down towards the top. |
|
3. Decrease in death rate denotes that more people exist in the old age
category. |
3. This denotes that many children are born but a large number of
them die soon after their birth. |
|
4. Decline in death rate shows that they have good industrialization,
urbanization and healthcare system. |
4. Increasing death rate shows that these countries have low quality
of industrialization, urbanization, and healthcare. |
c. Rural population and urban population.
=
|
Rural Population |
Urban Population |
|---|---|
|
1. People living in the rural sector make up the rural population. |
1. People living in the urban centres constitute the urban
population. |
|
2. 72 per cent of Indian population live in rural areas. |
2. 28 per cent of Indian population live in urban areas. |
|
3. They do not have better infrastructure. |
3. They have better infrastructure for living a better life. |