Indian National Movement (1919-1947) (Longman Pearson)
Review Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The massacre at the Jallianwala Bagh took place in the year 1919.
2. The Non-Cooperative Movement was called off in the year 1922 because of the Chauri Chaura incident.
3. In the year 1930, the INC declared 26 January as the Independence Day.
4. The dominion status for India was suggested by the Cripps Mission.
5. The INA was formed by Subhash Chandra Bose.
6. The plan to divide India into two nations was presented by Viceroy Lord Mountbatten.
7. The speech that Jawaharlal Nehru delivered before the Constituent Assembly was called Tryst with Destiny.
8. Dilli Chalo was the slogan given by Subhash Chandra Bose to his Indian National Army.
9. The Quit India Movement was launched in the year 1942.
10. The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Gandhi in the year 1930 with the violation of the civil law.
11. The slogan Do or Die became popular during the Quit India Movement.
12. The British forces under the command of General Dyer fired at crowd gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh.
13. In 1948, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse.
II. Answer these questions.
1. How did the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy change the attitude of the Indians towards the British?
= To protest against the arrest of the leaders people gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919. To disperse the gathering, General Dyer reached there with his troop and ordered to open fire at the unarmed crowd. Nearly 400 people were killed and thousands wounded. The government imposed martial law in Punjab and repressive measures were to followed.
A wave of horror and indignation ran through the country about what had happened in Punjab. Rabindranath Tagore surrendered his title of Knighthood as an act of protest.
2. What was the name of the first mass movement? Mention the methods of resistance that were adopted during this movement.
= The name of the first mass movement was the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Some methods of resistance adopted during the movement are :
❐ Boycott of foreign goods, government offices, schools, colleges, law courts and legislature.
❐ Boycott of election and government or semi-government function.
❐ Renunciation of awards, honours and titles conferred by the British.
❐ Emphasis on constructive programmes such as Swadeshi, and Hindu-Muslim unity.
❐ Popularising the use of Khadi cloth.
❐ Removal of untouchability among Hindus.
3. List the main events that took place after 1945 till India became independent in 1947.
= The main events that took place after 1945 till India became independent in 1947 are :
❐ In 1947, Britain announced that they would transfer the power to the Indians by June 1948. Lord Mount Batten presented a plan for the division of India into two independent nations - the Indian Union and Pakisthan - even though the INC was not ready for this plan. Sindh, Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab and East Bengal were separated from the rest of India to form a new country called Pakisthan.
❐ The bill containing the provisions of the Mountbatten plan was introduced by the British Prime Minister, Clement Atlee, in the House of commons on 14 July 1947, and passed as the Indian Independence Act, 1947. In accordance with the Indian Independence Act of 1947, India was partitioned into two nations and on 15 August 1947 India became free from foreigner rule.
❐ The constituent Assembly was set up in December 1946, with the task of framing a constitution for free India. Jawaharlal Nehru addressed the Constituent Assembly just before the mid night of 14 August 1947 and delivered his famous 'Tryst with Destiny' speech.
4. What was the reason behind the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
= The Non-Cooperation Movement came to an abrupt end because of a violent incident that took place in Chauri Chaura in February 1922. The Chauri Chaura district was situated fifteen miles from Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh. The police force in Chauri Chaura fired on a mob of peasants. The angry mob burnt down the thana (police station) which resulted in the death of twenty-two policemen. The news of this incident disturbed Gandhiji and he called off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
5. Who was Subhash Chandra Bose? Name the army that was founded by him.
= Subhash Chandra Bose was the leader of the Nationalist activity which continued outside the boarders of India.
The army that was founded by him was - Indian National Army (INA), or the Azad Hind Fauj.
6. Explain what was the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
= The passing of the Rowlatt Act brought Gandhiji to the national political front. He opposed the act and fixed 30 March 1919 as a day of hartal. Fasting, prayer, penance, meetings and processions were held all over the country.
The government adopted all possible measures to supress the Rowlatt Act movement. They banned all processions and meetings, lathi-charged and even fired at people, imprisoned and deported political leaders. But the most horrible occurrence took place at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.
To protest against the arrest of the leaders, people gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919. To disperse the gathering, General dyer reached there with his troop and ordered to open fire at the unarmed crowd. Nearly 400 people were killed and thousands wounded. The government imposed martial law in Punjab and repressive measures were followed.
7. Why is the Lahore session of 1929 important? Discuss.
= The Indian National Congress (INC) held its annual session in December 1929 at Lahore with Jawaharlal Nehru as its president. The Lahore session of the INC was significant.
❐ The INC declared complete independence or poorna swaraj as its goal.
❐ The session decided to celebrate Independence Day all over India on 26 January 1930. On that day, the tricolour was hoisted at many places.
❐ The Congress Working Committee authorised Mahatma Gandhi to launch a programme of civil disobedience, including non-payment of taxes, with the ultimate objective of attaining poorna swaraj.
8. When was the Civil Disobedience Movement launched? How did it progress?
= Gandhiji launched the civil Disobedience Movement in 1930 with the Dandi March or Satyagraha.
Gandhiji began his march from the Sabarmati Ashram with Seventy-eight satyagrahis and reached Dandi Village situated on the Gujarat coast, after covering 385 km. He broke the salt law and start making salt.
9. What is the significance of the Dandi March?
= Dandi March was the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement. It became popular all over the country. Almost every section of the society participated in the movement. Students led the campaign of boycott of foreign clothes and liquor. An important feature of the movement was that it witnessed participation of women in a large scale.
10. When was the Quit India Movement launched? What were its effects?
= After the failure of the Cripps Mission, the congress decided to take active steps to compel the British to quit India. In August 1942, the All India Congress Committee adopted a resolution in favour of starting a mass movement on a large scale. Gandhiji motivated the people and gave a slogan to the movement. He said, 'We should either free India from the clutches of the British or we should die in this attempt.' This slogan became popular in the form of Do or Die.
The Quit India Movement proved that independence of India was inevitable. It demonstrated that people were willing to suffer and die for the cause of freedom.
11. What was the main provision of the Mountbatten Plan?
= In 1947, Britain announced that they would transfer the power to the Indians by June 1948. Lord Mountbatten presented a plan for the division of India into two independent nations - the Indian Union and Pakisthan - even though the INC was not ready for this plan. Sindh, Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier province, West Punjab and East Bengal were separated from the rest of India to form a new country called Pakisthan.
12. Write a short note on the Indian National Army.
= After the ruthless suppression of the Quit India Movement, there was hardly any political activity till 1945, when the Second World War come to an end. Nationalist activity, however continued outside the borders of India under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose. He led the Indian National Army (INA), or the Azad Hind Fauj, and believed in revolutionary methods to attain freedom.
13. Which mass movement according to you had the greatest impact on the Indian National Movement? Give reasons for your answer.
= I think Quit India Movement had the greatest Impact on the Indian National Movement.
In this Mass Movement, Gandhiji was arrested and the INC was declared illegal. Riots broke out all over the country. The government made arrested to ruthlessly supress the movement. People reacted violently and set fire to police stations, post offices, railway stations and other public buildings. The army was called to supress the rebellion. More than 10,000 people were killed in firing and the movement was brutally put to an end within a short span of time.
The Quit India Movement proved that independence of India was inevitable. It demonstrated that people were willing to suffer and die for the cause of freedom.
III. Write short notes.
1. Quit Indian Movement.
= The Quit India Movement proved that independence of India was inevitable. It demonstrated that people were willing to suffer and die for the cause of freedom.
In this Mass Movement, Gandhiji was arrested and the INC was declared illegal. Riots broke out all over the country. The government made arrested to ruthlessly supress the movement. People reacted violently and set fire to police stations, post offices, railway stations and other public buildings. The army was called to supress the rebellion. More than 10,000 people were killed in firing and the movement was brutally put to an end within a short span of time.
2. Mountbatten Plan.
= In 1947, Britain announced that they would transfer the power to the Indians by June 1948. Lord Mountbatten presented a plan for the division of India into two independent nations - the Indian Union and Pakisthan - even though the INC was not ready for this plan. Sindh, Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier province, West Punjab and East Bengal were separated from the rest of India to form a new country called Pakisthan.
3. Events after independence.
= The main events that took place after 1945 till India became independent in 1947 are :
❐ In 1947, Britain announced that they would transfer the power to the Indians by June 1948. Lord Mount Batten presented a plan for the division of India into two independent nations - the Indian Union and Pakisthan - even though the INC was not ready for this plan. Sindh, Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab and East Bengal were separated from the rest of India to form a new country called Pakisthan.
❐ The bill containing the provisions of the Mountbatten plan was introduced by the British Prime Minister, Clement Atlee, in the House of commons on 14 July 1947, and passed as the Indian Independence Act, 1947. In accordance with the Indian Independence Act of 1947, India was partitioned into two nations and on 15 August 1947 India became free from foreigner rule.
❐ The constituent Assembly was set up in December 1946, with the task of framing a constitution for free India. Jawaharlal Nehru addressed the Constituent Assembly just before the mid night of 14 August 1947 and delivered his famous 'Tryst with Destiny' speech.
IV. Match the columns.
=
|
1. Lahore session of the INC |
a. began with the Dandi March. [4] |
|
2. Subhash Chandra Bose |
b. Azad Hind Fauj. [2] |
|
3. Quit India Movement |
c. Chauri Chaura incident. [5] |
|
4. Civil disobedience Movement |
d. Poorna Swaraj. [1] |
|
5. Non-Cooperation Movement |
e. ‘Do or Die’. [3] |
V. State whether true or false.
1. The Quit India Movement was the first mass movement. [F]
2. The Civil Disobedience Movement was finally called off in the year 1934. [T]
3. The Mountbatten Plan presented the partition of India into two nations. [T]
4. The slogan Dilli Chalo was popularised by Gandhiji during the Quit India Movement. [F]
5. The Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950. [T]